The
Microscopic Representation of Complex Macroscopic Phenomena,
S. Solomon,
Annual Reviews of Computational Physics
II pp 243-294, editor D. Stauffer, World Scientific 1995.
A ppt overview is in: http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/backup/BIU0.ppt
Complexity a Science at
30,
S. Solomon and E. Shir,
Europhysics News Feb-March 2003
p54 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/eran-paper.pdf
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/EurophysicsNews-AScienceat30.doc
A ppt illustration is in : http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/beer-sheva.ppt
Pioneers on a new
continent: on physics and economics
Sorin Solomon and Moshe Levy
Quantitative Finance (IoP) Volume 3, Number 1, C12 February 2003 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/QF.pdf
AUTOCATALYTIC
DYNAMICS and LOGISTIC DISCRETE SYSTEMS; EMERGENCE OF ADAPTATION
A recent ppt
presentation of the ideas is in http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/ERMES8Feb.ppt
A no-formulae
presentation of the ideas is in http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/Sorin's-Complexity-Report-002.doc
and in the distributed POSTEXT format: http://maptree.org/postext/?759
A video of the plenary presentation
at the 12th General Conference of the European Physical Society is
in http://www.eps12.kfki.hu/eurotron/archivum/solomon/solomon_eps28_01_1.rm
with the corresponding ppt
presentation
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/European-Physical-Society-Plenary.ppt
A book draft covering those ideas
is in http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/abbook/
and http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/alex/c2.26.10blue.doc and similar
A general audience
cover of the work is in http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/alex/NewScientistmagazine.doc
The importance of being discrete: Life
always wins on the surface
Nadav M. Shnerb,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 97,
Issue 19, 10322-10324, September 12, 2000
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/PNAS-discrete.pdf
Adaptation of Autocatalytic Fluctuations to Diffusive Noise N. M. Shnerb, E. Bettelheim, Y. Louzoun, O. Agam, S. Solomon Phys Rev E Vol 63, No 2, 2001; http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Discrete-PRE.pdf
HIV time hierarchy:
winning the war while, loosing all the battles Uri Hershberg, Yoram
Louzoun, Henri Atlan and Sorin Solomon Physica
A: 289 (1-2) (2001) pp.178-190 ; http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/uri.pdf
Modeling complexity in biology
Yoram Louzoun, Sorin Solomon, Henri Atlan and
Physica A , 297 (1-2) (2001) pp.
242-252
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/modelig-biology.pdf
What is the basis of the
immune system's specificity?,
Mathematical Modelling & Computing in Biology and Medicine,
(V.Capasso Ed.), pp. 377-384 The MIRIAM Project Series, Progetto Leonardo, ESCULAPIO Pub.Co., Bologna, Italy.. [pdf]
Antigen-Receptor
degeneracy and immunological paradigms,
Cohen, IR., Hershberg U. and Solomon S. (2004)
Molecular Immunology Vol. 40 issue 14/15 pp. 993-996 http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Molecular%20Immunology%20%20Antigen-receptor%20degeneracy%20and%20immunological%20paradigms.htm
The risk of being unfair,
the unstable fate of globalization.
Louzoun. Y. Mazurski. D., Goldberg. J. Solomon. S. (2003) Artificial Life 4(9) 357 - 370 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Glob-Loc-AL.pdf
Innovations Refuse to Die:-The Unforeseen Longevity
of Society Fundamental Ideas.
Mazurski. D., Goldberg. J. Barak.L. Louzoun. Y. Solomon. S. (2003) Technological forecasting and Social Change 71
(2004) 881–896
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/reborn.pdf
Proliferation and
competition in discrete biological systems. Louzoun, Y. , Solomon. S., Atlan, H., Cohen, I.R (2003) Bulletin of mathematical biology 65(3)
375-396 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Bul-Math-Bio.pdf
A ppt
presentation is in: http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/GENO.ppt
Reactive Glass and
vegetation patterns, N.M. Shnerb, P.
Sarah, H. Lavee and S. Solomon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 0381011 (2003) http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/mypapers/mypapers/shnerb-vegetation.pdf
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/ENS-ENVIRONMENT.ppt
Microscopic noise, adaptation and survival in hostile
environments
A ppt presentation is in http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/AB-WIS.ppt
Yoram Louzoun, Nadav M. Shnerb,Sorin
Solomon
Eur. Phys. J. B 56, 141–148 (2007) http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/EPJB-Yoram.pdf
A microscopic
model of the stock market; Cycles, booms and crashes,
M. Levy, H. Levy and S. Solomon,
Economics Letters 45 (1994) 103-111.
Microscopic Simulation of the Stock
Market
M. Levy, H. Levy and S. Solomon,
Journal de Physique I France 5 (1995)
1087-1103.
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/LLS-J-Phys95.pdf
The Complex
Dynamics of a Simple Stock Market Model
M. Levy, N. Persky and S. Solomon
Int. J. of High Speed Computing 8
(1996) 93
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/LLS-Persky.pdf
An updated Review of the
LLS Stock Market Model: Complex Market Ecology, Power Laws in Wealth
Distribution and Market Returns,
Sorin Siolomon and Moshe
Levy, p69,
in New Directions in
Statistical Physics,
ed. Luc Wille, Springer-Verlag 2004 http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0005416
Asynchronous
simulation platform;
Continuous time Double-Auctions ;
(the detailed description of the NatLab platform is in Lev
Muchnik's Thesis http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Lev-Thesis.pdf )
Behaviorally realistic simulations of
stock markets; Traders with a soul,
Solomon S
Computer Physics Communications
121-122 (1999) 161 .
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/soul.pdf
Statistical Mechanics of
Conventional Traders May Lead to Non-Conventional Market Behavior, Lev Muchnik and Sorin Solomon Physica Scripta. Vol. T106, 41–47, 2003 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/lev-scripta.pdf
The news story
of the catastrophic event is in http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ppt1/guardian.bmp
Traders imprint themselves by adaptively updating their own avatar, Gilles Daniel, Lev Muchnik and Sorin Solomon, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems; pp 27-38 Volume 564 Artificial Economics, Agent-Based Methods in Finance, Game Theory and Their Applications; (2006) Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 10.1007/3-540-28547-4_3 ; http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0509017
Agent Based Simulation Design Principles ;
Applications to Stock Market, Lev Muchnik, Yoram Louzoun, Sorin
Solomon, pp 183-188 in:
"Practical Fruits of Econophysics", ed
Hideki Takayasu 2006 Springer
Tokyo , ISBN 978-4-431-28914-2 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/isi/Agent%20Based%20Simulation%20Design%20Principles%20-%20final%20-%2028.03.2005.pdf
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Markow%20Webs.ppt
POWER LAWS , GLV,
A generic audience covering of some of the
ideas is in: http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/europhysics.jpg
Some ppt presentations are in: http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Pareto-Monaco-5Apr.ppt http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/GLV-apfa.ppt
and http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/GLV-pedagogical-big.ppt
Dynamical
Explanation for the Emergence of Power Law in a Stock Market Model,
M. Levy and S. Solomon,
International Journal of Modern
Physics C, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1996) 65-72
Power Laws are Logarithmic Boltzmann Laws
M. Levy and S. Solomon
International Journal of Modern
Physics C , Vol. 7, No. 4 (1996) 595;
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/adap-org/9607001
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/mypapers/mypapers/shiki-boltz.pdf
16. Spontaneous Scaling Emergence in
Generic Stochastic Systems
S. Solomon and M. Levy
International Journal of Modern
Physics C , Vol. 7, No. 5 (1996) 745 ;
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/adap-org/9609002
New Evidence for the Power Law
Distribution of Wealth
M. Levy and S. Solomon
Physica A 242 (1997) 90.
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/new-evidence-power.pdf
22. Generic emergence of power law distributions
and L\'evy-stable intermittent fluctuations in discrete logistic systems.
O. Biham, O. Malcai, M. Levy and S. Solomon,
Phys. Rev. E 58, 1352
(1998). http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/PRE-GLV-Ofer.pdf
Stochastic Lotka-Volterra Systems of
Competing Auto-catalytic Agents lead Generically to Truncated Pareto Power
Wealth Distribution, Truncated Levy Distribution of Market Returns, Clustered
Volatility, Booms and Crashes.
S. Solomon,
in Decision Technologies for
Computational Finance, edited by A.-P. Refenes, A. N. Burgess,
and J. E. Moody (Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1998). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9803367
Power-law distributions and L\'evy-stable
intermittent fluctuations in
stochastic systems of many autocatalytic elements.
O. Malcai O. Biham and S. Solomon,
Phys. Rev. E, 60, 1299 (1999). http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/PRE-Ofer-Ofer-Sorin-99.pdf
Power laws in cities population,
financial markets and internet sites
(scaling in systems with a variable number of components)
Aharon Blank and Sorin Solomon
Physica A 287 (1-2) (2000) pp.279-288
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/city.pdf
38. Generalized Lotka Volterra (GLV)
Models of Stock Markets
S. Solomon, pp 301-322
in "Applications of Simulation to
Social Sciences" ,
Eds: G Ballot and G Weisbuch; Hermes
Science Publications 2000 http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9901250
Volatility driven markets
in a generalized Lotka Voltera formalism;
Louzoun. Y. Solomon. S. (2001).
Physica A 302 220-233 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/volatility.pdf
Power, Levy,
exponential and Gaussian-like regimes in autocatalytic financial systems
Z.F. Huang and S. Solomon
The European Physical Journal B 20, April 2001 Pages: 601- 607
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/EPJB-HUANG-Power-Exp.pdf
Finite market size as a source of extreme
wealth inequality and market instability
Zhi-Feng Huang and Sorin Solomon
Physica A , 294 (3-4) (2001) pp.
503-513 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/finite-size-huang.pdf
Long-time
fluctuations in a dynamical model of stock market indices ,
Ofer Biham, Zhi-Feng Huang, Ofer Malcai, and Sorin Solomon,
Phys. Rev. E 64, (026101) 2001 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/PRE-Ofer-Huang.pdf
Stability of Pareto-Zipf law in
non-stationary economies
S. Solomon and P. Richmond
in: Economics with
heterogeneous interacting agents,
ed. by A.Kirman and J.B. Zimmermann,
Lecture Notes in Economics and
Mathematical Systems, Springer, Berlin- Heidelberg 2001 page 141
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/012479 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/mypapers/mypapers/SSPR.pdf
Power Laws of Wealth, Market Order
Volumes and Market Returns
Sorin Solomon, Peter Richmond
Physica A Vol. 299 (1-2) (2001) pp. 188-197 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/power-volumes-peter.pdf
Power Laws are Boltzmann Laws in
Disguise
P Richmond , S Solomon
International Journal of Modern
Physics C, Vol. 12, No. 3 (2001) 333-343 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Disguise.pdf
Self-Organization and Non-Self-Averaging Effects in
Systems of Discrete Auto-Catalytic Elements
S. Solomon, pp 351-
Multiscale Computational Methods in
Chemistry and Physics
eds. A. Brandt, J. Bernholc and K. Binder, IOS Press 2001;
NATO Science Series III: computer and Systems Sciences Vol. 177
Stable power laws in variable economies; Lotka-Volterra implies
Pareto-Zipf
S. Solomon and P.
Eur. Phys. J. B 27, 257-261 (2002) http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Stable-Power-Var-Econ.pdf
Stochastic Multiplicative Processes
for Financial Markets
Zhi-Feng Huang,
Physica A 306 (2002) 412-422 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/multi-proc-huang.pdf
Theoretical
analysis and simulations of the generalized Lotka-Volterra model http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/GLV-peter.ppt
Ofer Malcai, Ofer Biham, Peter Richmond, and Sorin Solomon
Phys. Rev. E 66, 031102 (2002) http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/PRE-Ofer-Peter.pdf
The Interacting Gaps
Model: Reconciling Theoretical and Numerical Approaches to Limit-Order Models.
L. Muchnik, F. Slanina, and S. Solomon.
Physica A 330
(2003) 232. http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/gaps-model.pdf
Co-Evolutionist
Stochastic Dynamics: Emergence of Power-LawsPower-laws in stochastic
Lotka-Volterra-Eigen-Schuster Systems
S. Solomon, P. Richmond, O. Biham and O. Malcai, in: "Towards Cognitive Economics",
Eds: P. Bourgine and J.-P. Nadal, Springer (2003). http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/porquerolles.pdf
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Monaco-5Apr.ppt
The Forbes 400 and the
Pareto wealth distribution
Oren S. Klass, Ofer Biham, Moshe Levy, Ofer Malcai and
Sorin Solomon,
Economics
Letters Volume 90,
Issue 2, February 2006, Pages 290-295
http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Econ-Lett-Klass.pdf
The Forbes 400, the Pareto power-law and efficient
markets
O.S. Klass, O. Biham, M. Levy, O. Malcai, and S. Solomon;
Eur. Phys. J. B 55, 143–147 (2007) http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/EPJB-Klass.pdf
Non-equilibrium and irreversible simulation of
competition among languages;
D. Stauffer,_,
C. Schulze, F.W.S. Lima,
Physica A 371 (2006) 719–724 http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Languages-Stauffer.pdf
Cluster Concept Dynamics Leading to
Creative Ideas without Critical Slowing Down
Y. Goldenberg, S. Solomon and D. Mazursky
International Journal of Modern
Physics C , Vol. 7, No. 5 (1996) 655
Creative Sparks
Science 285: 1495-1496, 1999; http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/creative-sparks.htm
Toward Identifying the Inventive
Templates of New Products: A Channeled Ideation Approach,
Goldenberg Jacob,
Journal of Marketing Research, 36
(May), p. 200-210.
http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Ident-Invent-Prod.pdf
http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/JMRFIN19-11-98[1].pdf
Meme's the Word
Science 1999 November 19; 286:
1477 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/meme.htm
Templates of original innovation:
Projecting original incremental innovations from intrinsic information
Goldenberg J. Mazursky D. Solomon S., (1999)
Technological Forecasting and Social
Change, May, Vol. 61/1 P. 1-12.
http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Templ-Innov[1].pdf
Creativity Templates: Towards Identifying
the Fundamental Schemes of Quality Advertisements;
Goldenberg J. Mazursky D. Solomon S.
Marketing Science, Volume 18, Number
3, 1999
http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/ADTEXT9.4.99.doc
http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/ADTABLE1_9.4.99.doc
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ppt1/creativity-prague.ppt
Scrutinizing Creativity
Dennis Hollenberg;,
Science 1999 December 17; 286:
2269 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/creativity.htm
What Are Stories Made Of? Quantitative
Categorical Deconstruction of Creation
Y. Stolov, M. Idel, S. Solomon,
International
Journal of Modern Physics C, Vol. 11, No. 4 (2000) 827-835
http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/stories-IJMPC.pdf
Structures of the Mind and Universal
Music
Science 2001 June 29; 292: 2433 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/structures.htm
Restricted Ability to Recover 3D Global Motion
from 1 D Motion Signals: Theoretical Observations,
N. Rubin,
Vision Research 35 (1995) 569-578.
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/nava1.pdf
Restricted Ability to Recover 3D Global Motion
from 1 D Motion Signals: Psychophysical Observations,
N. Rubin,
Vision Research 35 (1995) 463-476.
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/nava2.pdf
Emergence of Representation in Drawing:
The Relation Between Kinematic and
Referential Aspects
Ester Adi-Japha, Iris Levin and S. Solomon
Cognitive Development 13, 25-51
(1998) http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/esti-drawings.pdf
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ppt1/drawings.ppt
Testing the Turing Test - Do men pass it? Adam, R., Hershberg, U., Schul, Y. & Solomon, S.,(2004) International Journal of Modern Physics C Vol.15 No.8.pp 1041-1047 [pdf]
SOCIAL PERCOLATION and ANTI_PERCOLATION;
A simplified ppt presentation of the ideas
is in : http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/backup/crt-no-time.ppt
Social percolation models
Sorin Solomon, Gerard Weisbuch, Lucilla de Arcangelis, Naeem Jan and
Dietrich Stauffer
Physica A: 277 (1-2) (2000) pp.
239-247 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/social-percolation.pdf
Marketing percolation
J. Goldenberg, B. Libai, S. Solomon, N. Jan and D. Stauffer
Physica A, 284 (1-4) (2000) pp.
335-347 , http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/papers/market-percolation.pdf
Self-organized percolation and critical
sales fluctuations
Weisbuch G, Solomon S
Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 11: (6) 1263-1272 SEP 2000 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ws.ps
Social Percolators and Self-Organized
Criticality
Gerard Weisbuch , Sorin Solomon and Dietrich Stauffer
in: Economics with heterogeneous
interacting agents,
ed. by A.Kirman and J.B. Zimmermann,
Lecture Notes in Economics and
Mathematical Systems, Springer, Berlin-
Heidelberg 2001 page 43. http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/mypapers/mypapers/weis-stau-solo.pdf
Social Percolators and Self Organized Criticality.
G Weisbuch and S Solomon
in Handbook of Graphs and Networks: From the Genome to the Internet, pp.113-132
eds. S. Bornholdt and H. G.
Schuster,
Social Percolation and Negative Word of Mouth",
Tom Erez, Sarit Moldovan and Sorin Solomon,
in "Handbook of Research on
Nature Inspired Computing for Economy and Management"
Ed Jean-Philippe Rennard, 2007
Idea Group Reference (an imprint of
Idea Group Inc.) ISBN
1-59140-984-5 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/isi/anti-perc.pdf
Distributive immunization of networks against viruses
using the 'honey-pot' architecture
Goldenberg J., Shavitt Y., Shir E.& Solomon S.
Nature (/Physics) 1. 184 - 188 (2005). http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Nature-Eran.pdf
Social
Network and Lattice Models
An early ppt presentation of the DIMES ideas
is in http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ppt1/DIMES%20for%20Torino.ppt
Artificial Intelligence and the Natural Selection; Decision
Trees and the Network Forest
S. Solomon, E Shir, S Kirkpatrik;
pages 3-
eds Dimitar Kazakov, Eduardo Alonso and Daniel Kudenko,
Published by the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the
Simulation of Behaviour ISBN 1 902956 31 5 UW Aberystwyth (2004) http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Dimes2003-AISB.pdf
Socioeconomic
interaction and swings in business confidence indicators,
Martin Hohnisch, Sabine Pittnauer, Sorin Solomon and Dietrich Stauffer,
Physica A,Volume 345, Issues 3-4, Pages 646-656 (2005) http://shum.cc.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Pitnauer-PhysicsA.pdf
Solving Traffic Jams:
Human Intervention or Self-Organization?
E. Mar Or, E. Shir and S. Solomon, International Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 14, No. 8 p
(2003) http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/traffic-jam-IJMPC.pdf
Statistical
economics on multi layered variables
Tom Erez, Martin Hohnisch and Sorin Solomon, ,
in "Economics: complex
windows",
Eds. M. Salzano and A. Kirman,
(Springer, 2005), p. 201
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0406369
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/sn.pdf
Postext - a Mind for
Society, http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/backup/Solomon-Knowledge.ppt
Shalit, A., Erez, T., Deters, A., Hershberg, U., Shir, E., & Solomon, S.
(2005 pp. 24-40 [pdf]
in Lecture Notes in Computer
Science Springer-Verlag GmbH ISSN: 0302-9743
Volume 3394 / 2005
Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agent Systems III: Adaptation and Multi-Agent Learning
Editors: Daniel Kudenko, Dimitar Kazakov, Eduardo Alonso ISBN: 3-540-25260-6 http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/isi/postext.pdf
A ppt presentation of the wider social
cognitive context of POTEXT is in
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Hague-Presentation1.ppt
and
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/DisDistrict4.ppt
Copying
nodes versus editing links: the source of the difference between genetic
regulatory networks and the WWW,
Yoram. Louzoun, Lev Muchnick and Sorin Solomon
Bioinformatics (
Self-Emergence of Knowledge Trees: Extraction of the
Wikipedia Hidden Hierarchies ;
Lev Muchnik, Royi Itzhak, Sorin
Solomon, and Yoram Louzoun;
To appear in PRE
http://shum.huji.ac.il/~sorin/ccs/Self_Emergence_of_Knowledge_Trees.doc